The original report was an objective review of literature that pointed to tobacco use as being causal to a number of deleterious health conditions. It has since been the prominent topic of most annual Surgeon Generals Reports. Although it was suspected in the early 20th century that tobacco was linked to throat and mouth cancers, it was not until 1964 when the US government released the document titled Smoking and Health: Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service. During the late 18th century, packaged cigarettes and cigars rapidly gained popularity. The botanical name for tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum, is derived from the Jean Nicot, who sent the tobacco leaf to the Queen of France in the 16th century. 23, 2017.The leaves of the tobacco plant were originally harvested and smoked by Native Americans and were introduced to Europe by Christopher Columbus in the 15th century. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A standard of care. Travel-associated illness in older adults (>60 y). Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier 2008. What is bronchitis? National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Management of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Definition, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and staging. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Risk factors and risk reduction. New York, N.Y.: McGraw-Hill Education 2015. In: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. Rochester, Minn.: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research 2016. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier 2016. In: Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. What is COPD? National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.In addition to reducing the amount of space available for the lung to expand, giant bullae can increase your risk of pneumothorax. Some people with emphysema develop empty spaces in the lungs called bullae. This can cause a condition called cor pulmonale, in which a section of the heart expands and weakens. Emphysema can increase the pressure in the arteries that connect the heart and lungs. This is uncommon but serious when it occurs. A collapsed lung can be life-threatening in people who have severe emphysema, because the function of their lungs is already so compromised. People who have emphysema are also more likely to develop: Breathing indoor pollutants, such as fumes from heating fuel, as well as outdoor pollutants - car exhaust, for instance - increases your risk of emphysema. Exposure to indoor and outdoor pollution.If you breathe fumes from certain chemicals or dust from grain, cotton, wood or mining products, you're more likely to develop emphysema. Occupational exposure to fumes or dust.Being around secondhand smoke increases your risk of emphysema. Secondhand smoke, also known as passive or environmental tobacco smoke, is smoke that you inadvertently inhale from someone else's cigarette, pipe or cigar. Although the lung damage that occurs in emphysema develops gradually, most people with tobacco-related emphysema begin to experience symptoms of the disease between the ages of 40 and 60. The risk for all types of smokers increases with the number of years and amount of tobacco smoked. Emphysema is most likely to develop in cigarette smokers, but cigar and pipe smokers also are susceptible. Risk factorsįactors that increase your risk of developing emphysema include: It's called alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency emphysema. Rarely, emphysema is caused by an inherited deficiency of a protein that protects the elastic structures in the lungs. The main cause of emphysema is long-term exposure to airborne irritants, including:
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